安装有很多方式,我使用:Windows版的Quartus II和SOPC Builder产生.sof和.ptf文件，并在VMWare上安裝Linux进行μClinux的交叉编译.做之前确认虚拟机硬盘大小8G.
具体步骤:
一 安装交叉编译环境 Nios II gcc cross compiler
1、下载nios2gcc.tar.bz2或Altera原厂的nios2gcc-20080203.tar.bz2至/usr/local/src
2、将nios2gcc.tar.bz2解压缩到/opt/nios2
[root@localhost src]# tar -jxvf nios2gcc.tar.bz2 -C /
3、设定cross compiler路径
[root@localhost src]# vi ~/.bash_profile
修改bash_profile的內容如下所示，加上/opt/nios2/bin路径
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/opt/nios2/bin
export PATH
unset USERNAME
四
重新执行bash_profile script，让所设定的路径马上生效，因而不必再重新登出登入
[root@localhost src]# source ~/.bash_profile
五
测试Nios II gcc cross compiler是否安装成功
[root@localhost src]# nios2-linux-uclibc-gcc -v
若出现以下结果，表示Nios II gcc cross compiler已经设定成功
Reading specs from /opt/nios2/lib/gcc/nios2-linux-uclibc/3.4.6/specs
Configured with: /root/buildroot/toolchain_build_nios2/gcc-3.4.6/configure --prefix=/opt/nios2 --build=i386-pc-linux-gnu --host=i386-pc-linux-gnu --target=nios2-linux-uclibc --enable-languages=c --enable-shared --disable-__cxa_atexit --enable-target-optspace --with-gnu-ld --disable-nls --enable-threads --disable-multilib --enable-cxx-flags=-static
Thread model: posix
gcc version 3.4.6
二 编译uCLinux内核
一
下载μClinux到/usr/local/src，uClinux-dist-20070130.tar.gz
二
将uClinux-dist-20070130.tar.gz解压
[root@localhost src]# tar -zxvf uClinux-dist-20070130.tar.gz
uClinux-dist-20070130.tar.gz解压后很大，如果解压出错，可能是虚拟机空间不够大.
三
下载补丁,μClinux kernel patch for Nios II：uClinux-dist-20070130-nios2-02.7z到/usr/local/src/uClinux-dist
四
安裝补丁 μClinux kernel patch for Nios II
[root@localhost src]# cd uClinux-dist
[root@localhost uClinux-dist]# gunzip -c uClinux-dist-20070130-nios2-02.diff.gz | patch -p0
若出现一下结果，表示补丁成功
patching file vendors/Altera/nios2nommu/config.arch
patching file vendors/Altera/nios2nommu/config.linux-2.6.x
patching file lib/libpng/Makefile
patching file linux-2.6.x/include/asm-nios2nommu/ide.h
patching file linux-2.6.x/include/linux/elf-em.h
patching file linux-2.6.x/usr/Makefile
patching file linux-2.6.x/arch/nios2nommu/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
patching file linux-2.6.x/arch/nios2nommu/drivers/Kconfig
patching file linux-2.6.x/arch/nios2nommu/drivers/altcf.c
patching file linux-2.6.x/arch/nios2nommu/drivers/pci/Kconfig
patching file linux-2.6.x/arch/nios2nommu/drivers/pci/pci-auto.c
patching file linux-2.6.x/arch/nios2nommu/drivers/pci/pci.c
patching file linux-2.6.x/arch/nios2nommu/drivers/pci/Makefile
patching file linux-2.6.x/arch/nios2nommu/drivers/spi.c
patching file linux-2.6.x/arch/nios2nommu/drivers/Makefile
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/mtd/maps/altera.c
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/mtd/maps/Kconfig
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/net/Kconfig
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/net/Makefile
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/net/dm9ks.c
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/net/open_eth.c
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/net/dm9000.c
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/net/Space.c
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/net/smc91x.c
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/net/smc911x.c
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/net/mtip1000.c
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/usb/Kconfig
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/usb/host/Kconfig
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/usb/host/isp1362-hcd.c
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/usb/host/Makefile
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/usb/host/isp1362.h
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/usb/Makefile
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/ide/ide.c
patching file user/microwin/src/fonts/X6x13.c
patching file user/microwin/src/demos/nxroach/Makefile
patching file user/microwin/src/demos/nanox/nxterm.c
patching file user/microwin/src/demos/nanox/nterm.c
patching file user/microwin/src/demos/nxkbd/keynum.c
patching file user/microwin/src/demos/nxkbd/keyctrl.c
patching file user/microwin/src/demos/nxkbd/keyshft.c
patching file user/microwin/src/Makefile.rules
patching file user/microwin/src/drivers/kbd_ttyscan.c
patching file user/microwin/src/drivers/scr_fb.c
patching file user/microwin/src/drivers/mou_ser.c
patching file user/ftpd/ftpcmd.c
patching file user/ftpd/Makefile
五
建立配置文件
[root@localhost uClinux-dist]# make xconfig
出现图形界面,Vendor/Product Selection选择Altera
初次编译libc version一定选择none,系统类型要选Default all setting
存档退出
六
将SOPC Builder配置文件system_0.ptf复制到/usr/local/src
七
根据ptf文件配置
[root@localhost uClinux-dist]# make vendor_hwselect SYSPTF=/usr/local/src/system_0.ptf
出现选择，按照需要进行选择。
我是:1 (CPU_0)，1 (cfi_flash_0)，2 (sdram)。
八
建立romfs文件夹，错误可忽略。
[root@localhost uClinux-dist]# make romfs
九
开始编译μClinux核心
[root@localhost uClinux-dist]# make
生成image文件
[root@localhost uClinux-dist]# make linux image
在/usr/local/src/uClinux-dist/linux-2.6.x/arch/nios2nommu/boot/下找到zImage
进行硬件和uCLinux的烧写
一
将zImage文件和DE2_NIOS2.sof复制到Windows的D:\altera\70\nios2eds\examples\下
二
打开Nios II Command Shell
开始 -> 程序 -> Altera -> Nios II EDS 9.0 -> Nios II 9.0 Command Shell
三
将sof文件烧入到开发板
[SOPC Builder]$ nios2-configure-sof DE2_NIOS.sof
将zImage下载到SDRAM
[SOPC Builder]$ nios2-download -g zImage
四
启动μClinux
[SOPC Builder]$ nios2-terminal
如果看到下面表示安装成功
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